The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493)

The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) How was the first voyage of Columbus to the New World undertaken, and what was its legacy? Having convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance his voyage, Christopher Columbus departed mainland Spain on August 3, 1492. He quickly made port in the Canary Islands for a final restocking and left there on September 6. He was in command of three ships: the Pinta, the Nià ±a, and the Santa Marà ­a. Although Columbus was in overall command, the Pinta was captained by Martà ­n Alonso Pinzà ³n and the Nià ±a by Vicente Yaà ±ez Pinzà ³n. First Landfall: San Salvador On October 12, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor aboard the Pinta, first sighted land. Columbus himself later claimed that he had seen a sort of light or aura before Triana did, allowing him to keep the reward he had promised to give to  whoever spotted land first. The land turned out to be a small island in the present-day Bahamas. Columbus named the island San Salvador, although he remarked in his journal that the natives referred to it as Guanahani. There is some debate over which island was Columbus’ first stop; most experts believe it to be San Salvador, Samana Cay, Plana Cays or Grand Turk Island. Second Landfall: Cuba Columbus had explored five islands in the modern-day Bahamas before he made it to Cuba. He reached Cuba on October 28, making landfall at Bariay, a harbor near the eastern tip of the island. Thinking he had found China, he sent two men to investigate. They were Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres, a converted Jew who spoke Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic in addition to Spanish. Columbus had brought him as an interpreter. The two men failed in their mission to find the Emperor of China  but did visit a native Taà ­no village. There they were the first to observe the smoking of tobacco, a habit which they promptly picked up. Third Landfall: Hispaniola Leaving Cuba, Columbus made landfall on the Island of Hispaniola on December 5. The natives called it Haità ­, but Columbus renamed it La Espaà ±ola, a name which was later changed to Hispaniola when Latin texts were written about the discovery. On December 25, the Santa Marà ­a ran aground and had to be abandoned. Columbus himself took over as captain of the Nià ±a, as the Pinta had become separated from the other two ships. Negotiating with the local chieftain Guacanagari, Columbus arranged to leave 39 of his men behind in a small settlement, named La Navidad. Return to Spain On January 6, the Pinta arrived, and the ships were reunited: they set out for Spain on January 16. The ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal, on March 4, returning to Spain shortly after that. Historical Importance of Columbus First Voyage In retrospect, it is somewhat surprising that what is today considered one of the most important voyages in history was something of a failure at the time. Columbus had promised to find a new, quicker route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets and he failed miserably. Instead of holds full of Chinese silks and spices, he returned with some trinkets and a few bedraggled natives from Hispaniola. Some 10 more had perished on the voyage. Also, he had lost the largest of the three ships entrusted to him. Columbus actually considered the natives his greatest find. He thought that a new slave trade could make his discoveries lucrative. Columbus was hugely disappointed a few years later when Queen Isabela, after careful thought, decided not to open the New World to slave trading. Columbus never believed that he had found something new. He maintained, to his dying day, that the lands he discovered were indeed part of the known Far East. In spite of the failure of the first expedition to find spices or gold, a much larger second expedition was approved, perhaps in part due to Columbus’ skills as a salesman. Sources Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. 1st edition, Random House, June 1, 2004.

Definition and Examples of Secondary Data Analysis

Definition and Examples of Secondary Data Analysis Secondary data analysis is the analysis of data that was collected by someone else. Below, we’ll review the definition of secondary data, how it can be used by researchers, and the pros and cons of this type of research. Key Takeaways: Secondary Data Analysis Primary data refers to data that researchers have collected themselves, while secondary data refers to data that was collected by someone else.Secondary data is available from a variety of sources, such as governments and research institutions.While using secondary data can be more economical, existing data sets may not answer all of a researcher’s questions. Comparison of Primary and Secondary Data In social science research, the terms primary data and secondary data are common parlance. Primary data is collected by a researcher or team of researchers for the specific purpose or analysis under consideration. Here, a research team conceives of and develops a research project, decides on a sampling technique, collects data designed to address specific questions, and performs their own analyses of the data they collected. In this case, the people involved in the data analysis are familiar with the research design and data collection process. Secondary data analysis, on the other hand, is the use of data that was collected by someone else for some other purpose. In this case, the researcher poses questions that are addressed through the analysis of a data set that they were not involved in collecting. The data was not collected to answer the researcher’s specific research questions and was instead collected for another purpose. This means that the same data set can actually be a primary data set to one researcher and a secondary data set to a different one. Using Secondary Data There are some important things that must be done before using secondary data in an analysis. Since the researcher did not collect the data, its important for them to become familiar with the data set: how the data was collected, what the response categories are for each question, whether or not weights need to be applied during the analysis, whether or not clusters or stratification need to be accounted for, who the population of study was, and more. A great deal of secondary data resources and data sets are available for sociological research, many of which are public and easily accessible. The United States Census, the General Social Survey, and the American Community Survey are some of the most commonly used secondary data sets available. Advantages of Secondary Data Analysis The biggest advantage of using secondary data is that it can be more economical. Someone else has already collected the data, so the researcher does not have to devote money, time, energy and resources to this phase of research. Sometimes the secondary data set must be purchased, but the cost is almost always lower than the expense of collecting a similar data set from scratch, which usually entails salaries, travel and transportation, office space, equipment, and other overhead costs. In addition, since the data is already collected and usually cleaned and stored in electronic format, the researcher can spend most of their  time analyzing the data instead of getting the data ready for analysis. A second major advantage of using secondary data is the breadth of data available. The federal government conducts numerous studies on a large, national scale that individual researchers would have a difficult time collecting. Many of these data sets are also longitudinal, meaning that the same data has been collected from the same population over several different time periods. This allows researchers to look at trends and changes of phenomena over time. A third important advantage of using secondary data is that the data collection process often maintains a level of expertise and professionalism that may not be present with individual researchers or small research projects. For example, data collection for many federal data sets is often performed by staff members who specialize in certain tasks and have many years of experience in that particular area and with that particular survey. Many smaller research projects do not have that level of expertise, as a lot of  data is collected by students working part-time. Disadvantages of Secondary Data Analysis A major disadvantage of using secondary data is that it may not answer the researcher’s specific research questions or contain specific information that the researcher would like to have. It also may not have been collected in the geographic region or during the years desired, or with the specific population that the researcher is interested in studying. For example, a researcher who is interested in studying adolescents may find that the secondary data set only includes young adults.   Additionally, since the researcher did not collect the data, they have no control over what is contained in the data set. Often times this can limit the analysis or alter the original questions the researcher sought to answer. For example, a researcher who is studying happiness and optimism might find that a secondary data set only includes one of these variables, but not both. A related problem is that the variables may have been defined or categorized differently than the researcher would have chosen. For example, age may have been collected in categories rather than as a continuous variable, or race may be defined as â€Å"white† and â€Å"other† instead of containing categories for every major race. Another significant disadvantage of using secondary data is that the researcher doesnt know exactly how the data collection process was done or how well it was carried out. The researcher is not usually privy to information about how seriously the data is affected by problems such as low response rate or respondent misunderstanding of specific survey questions. Sometimes this information is readily available, as is the case with many federal data sets. However, many other secondary data sets are not accompanied by this type of information and the analyst must learn to read between the lines in order to uncover any potential limitations of the data.

Business Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Accounting - Essay Example The project is acceptable as both methods show positive outcome in terms of payback period as well as PV of net inflow of the project. Risk is inherent in almost every business. This is more prominent in capital decision making as such decisions involve cost and benefit extending over a period of time. During this long period of time many thing get changed in an unexpected way and hence the risk of return is always there in capital budgeting decisions. The project under consideration carries a medium level of risk. At the same time it is given that the company’s estimate of future cash flows of 10% is too high. A higher discount rate means higher returns. The principal is that higher the risk higher is the returns. If the company considers the medium level of risk for investments under consideration, then this 10% rate calculated on an estimate of higher risk level require suitable adjustments. In other words the rate of discount has to be lowered to the accepted level of medium risk. The company should develop a risk adjusted discount rate. If the company considers the risk of the project equal to the risk of existing investments of the company, then the discount rate of average cost of capital should be considered for evaluating the project. When the risk of the project is greater than the risks of existing investments, then the discount rate used should be higher than average cost of the capital employed with the company. If the risk of the project is lower than risk of existing investments, the discount rate used to evaluate the project should be lower than the average cost of capital employed. In our case the company is expecting medium risk on the project, it is suggestible that average cost of the capital employed be considered as the discount rate to project future cash flows and then discount those cash flows at present value at that average rate of discount in order to compare with present value of net outflows. The calculated discount rate

Critically Examine How Assessment and Learning Is Facilitated in Your Essay

Critically Examine How Assessment and Learning Is Facilitated in Your Work Community Setting - Essay Example This paper attempts to explore the role of mentorship in a clinical setting wherein learning and assessment is facilitated through a deeper understanding of the learning environment, the needs of the environment and the learner’s and the mentor’s qualifications, requirements in terms of planning the learning, tools and techniques, assessments, relationship between the mentor and mentee, lifecycle of the relationship and the challenges in the learning and development process for both the learner or mentee and the mentor. Definitions of what mentoring is all about, the learning setting, process, facilitation, assessment, outcomes, roles, etc. will help in understanding the above. What is mentoring? McKimm et al (2007) observe that defining the term ‘mentoring’ is a difficult task as it is a complex process and depends mostly on the learning environment and the interpretation of the environment’s needs by the various different individuals or groups. Quo ting Megginson and Clutterbuck (1995, p13) they note that â€Å"mentoring is ‘off line help by one person to another in making significant transitions in knowledge, work or thinking’† and that the role of a mentor is to help and guide the learner through a transition phase of the learner in a particular aspect like learning and other professional or personal circumstances. Also, mentoring is just one form of support (p1). â€Å"Mentoring is a transformational process that seeks to help individuals develop and use knowledge to improve themselves on an ongoing basis. It is a professional dialogue that encourages reflection and development, signposting mentees to other sources of help as required† (What is mentoring, 2012). General medical practice describes it as â€Å"‘a way of helping another understand more fully, and learn comprehensively from, their day to day experience† and a commissioned department of health describes it as a â€Å"proc ess whereby an experienced, highly regarded, empathic person (the mentor), guides another individual (the mentee) in the development and re-examination of their own ideas, learning, and personal and professional development† (What is mentoring, 2012). Palermo and McCall (2008, p801) note that mentoring is a form of providing experiential learning where the learning is actual and practical, and it is seen that the learning will be ineffective and unsafe if there is no mentoring offered during the course of the experiential learning. Mentoring and teaching There is a need to understand the difference between teaching and mentoring as it is essential to get the desired outcomes. McKimm and Jollie (2007) have differentiated between teaching and mentoring: while teaching is said to be a ‘teacher centred’ approach, mentoring is understood to be a ‘student centred’ approach where the learning needs of the learner are taken into consideration along with regul ar assessments of the same. Teaching itself is continually evolving to reflect on experience and critically explore the potential transformation of the learner. The basis for this evolution is the action research teaching need that recognizes that experiential learning leads to both the mentor and mentee contributing to the sustainability of the learning in the particular setting. To achieve sustainability through developing significant insights into the learning environment,

The economic process Essay Example for Free

The economic process Essay In order to understand externality, we define it first. Externality is either a benefit or a cost that is incurred by a third party not involve in the economic process (Johnson 2005). Some of the common externalities that everyone encounters can be divided to production and consumption externalities. Again we define the two terms. Production externality is a cost incurred by a party other than the producer that generates a difference between the cost to the producer and the society cost (real cost). On the other hand, Consumption eternality is a cost or a benefit that is incurred by a third party other than the consumer which generates a difference between the benefits of the consumer and the society benefits (real benefit) (Mikalson 2008). Some externalities that one encounters include overuse disposable items, overuse personal vehicles which emits pollution, toxic material which are dumped in drains or in the air, education, vaccines, congestion on the free way, second hand smoke, research, information. Most of the said externalities are regulated. This includes personal vehicles which emits pollution, toxic materials which are dumped in drains or in the air, second hand smoke. These externalities are regulated because they are costs that the third party might incur. Overuse disposable items, research, information and congestion of the freeway are externalities that are properly taken care of because it might be beneficial or it might incur cost. Lastly, education and vaccine are externalities that are paid for because it is an externality that is beneficial and should be focused upon (Mikalson 2008).

Authentic Grasp of Being Essay -- Philosophy Existentialism Martin Hei

Authentic Grasp of Being Martin Heidegger provides an interesting lesson about what must be done to authentically grasp the nature of being in Being and Time. The focus of being in his book is the unique individual human consciousness referred to as Dasein, and authenticity is regarded as that which accords with Dasein’s own self, including its history, present concerns, and future possibilities. The thesis of this paper is an interpretative one: the path to authentically grasping one’s own being requires first disregarding philosophical history regarding being and then understanding one’s own presuppositions. More fully, the phenomena that give rise to examining ontology must be analyzed, which means that one must not simply start with philosophers’ assertions; then one must understand his or her own manner of dealing with being to understand his or her own presuppositions about being, and it will be seen how the presence of all presuppositions cannot be removed. The first part o f this paper will discuss section six, â€Å"The Task of Destroying the History of Ontology,† and the second part will discuss section 32, â€Å"Understanding and Interpretation.† It will conclude with a brief return to the concept of authenticity. The Task of Destroying the History of Ontology Heidegger comes upon the need to destroy the history of ontology as he begins his inquiry into the nature of being. What he first intends to do is understand how the question of being has been answered throughout the history of philosophy and then appraise this body of answers to see how our philosophical starting point may help or hinder us. Heidegger reviews an extensive amount of work, but he believes that it all falls short of understanding being. Worse than... ...what it must be like to authentically grasp our being. First (section six), nothing is gained by being spoon-fed empty statements about general concepts of being, so we must strip away ontological assumptions provided by the history of philosophy. Second (section 32), it is clear that we are not stripping away all assumptions, but we are looking to ourselves to find the groundwork. If we are finding what is within ourselves, then we are grasping the authentic; if we are using knowledge of ourselves to inquire into being, then we are making an authentic attempt at understanding being. Apparently, the historical attempts to remove all presuppositions are what led to the failure of the long human tradition that has tried to understand being. Bibliography Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson. New York: Harper & Row, 1962.

Do the Right Thing by Spike Lee : Analysis? Symbolism Essay

What is ever the right thing to do? The film Do the Right Thing by Spike Lee is a hard-hitting drama that deals with violence and racism in today’s society. Lee’s film conveys two contradictorily ideas of two powerful civil rights leaders: Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The main themes of the film are violence, racial intolerance, and police brutality. Its themes of racial intolerance and the ways in which our society, particularly those who are oppressed and marginalized, chooses to deal with it. Filmmakers used powerful techniques like cinematography and music, to drive that message home. As a film, Do the Right Thing is a study in how cinematography can effectively add to the plot and character development. Small details within the film, such as the hot, sticky, suffocating heat of a summer day, are visually stunning aiding to the main idea of the film. Since weather plays, a significant role in the film from start to finish it is important for it to continue to resurface throughout the plot. The summer heat stokes racial conflicts to the surface, driving the film to its tragic and violent climax. The cinematographer’s use of light and color increases its visual power and strength throughout the film. Spike Lee knew that the emphasis of heat was important to the film’s credibility. He and cinematographer, Ernest Dickerson, a longtime collaborator of Lee’s, worked to get the right effect for the film, making sure that the audience was aware of the heat in every shot. The use of camera angles, such as oblique angles and extreme close-ups, also play up the tensions brought out by the heat in the film. One example in which camera angles heighten those tensions is the confrontation between Buggin’ Out and Clifton the white bicyclist who steps on and ruins Buggin’ Out’s new pair of Air Jordans. At the start of the scene, when Buggin’ Out and the neighborhood hoodlums confront Clifton at his brownstone. Dickerson who is the film visual director shoots from below when the POV focuses on Buggin’ Out’s physical gestures and facial expressions. In Do the Right Thing, music has a huge impact on the storyline. The song that plays immediately throughout the film is Public Enemy’s aggressive song â€Å"Fight the Power.† With its driving, high tempo beat, and its powerful lyrics knocking down America’s favorite cultural heroes, thus putting an Afrocentric stamp on the American culture. Public Enemy which is a political rap group, had been sparking controversies with their defiant, pro-Black rap lyrics long before Spike Lee asked them to record a song specifically for the film. Both Lee and Public Enemy were unyielding in their views and comments, particularly in the mainstream â€Å"white† press (Lou Frederick). The group’s participation in the project was apparent because of the radical ideas shared by both. The song itself is played only when the character Radio Raheem appears. The song is a signature statement for Black male pride, independence, and uncompromising strength, which is what Raheem, imperialized. It is loud, â€Å"in your face,† fearless, and demanding of respect in the same way Radio Raheem is seen not only by himself but by others in the neighborhood, for that matter.. One can say that all the male characters in Do the Right Thing are constantly testing their manhood, whether it is Radio Raheem, whose boombox, with its size and volume, is a powerful symbol or Buggin’ Out who uses his calm words as a way to secure his manhood. Which show the two different ideas of Malcolm X and Dr. King, whether physical or verbal retaliation is needed. Buggin’ Out is a young socially aware Black man who is nonetheless misdirected in his activism, while the young people on the block are the apathetic. Radio Raheem provides another image of Black men, that of â€Å"in-your-face,† self-defensive, posturing that mask layers of vulnerability. In one scene, after Buggin’ Out threatens a boycott against Sal’s Pizzeria for refusing to put up pictures of Black people on his Wall of Fame, Buggin’ Out tells Mookie to â€Å"stay Black,† a remark Mookie treats dismissively. It is interesting, then, that Mookie is the one who throws the trash can into the pizzeria. Getting us to wonder is Lee suggesting that Mookie’s response of self-defense against police brutality was a responsible act, thus redeeming the character. Truly, questioning if he did the right thing! This is one of the reasons why Do the Right Thing is still such a powerful film. The questions it raises, while still potent, also still elude us, especially in the wake of the Rodney King riots, and other acts of police brutality and racial unrest in America. The film itself is dedicated to such victims of police brutality as Eleanor Bumpers and Michael Stewart who give this film life because their personal stories are being told through the big screen. Although a dramatic story the filmmakers, used powerful techniques like cinematography and music, to drive that message home truly aiding Lee to convey a historic message.

World History Homework

Muslim rule affected Indian government and society when Sultans Introduced this rule and many Turks, Persians and Arabs migrated to India to serve as officials or soldiers. Trade between Indian and Muslim lands Increased. During the Mongol raids of the sass's, many scholars and adventurers fled from Baghdad to India, bringing Persian and Greek learning.The newcomers helped create a brilliant civilization at Delhi, where Persian art and architecture flourished. 3. The founders of the Delhi sultanate were able to conquer northern India because the Sultans no longer controlled a large empire and northern India fragmented Into rival Hindu and Muslim states. During violent onslaughts, many Hindus were killed and the two groups clashed and did not get along at all. . Relations of Hindus and Muslims grew to better terms over time. Eventually, the Delhi sultans grew more tolerant of their Hindu subjects, and Hinduism was accepted as a monotheistic religion. Hindus were allowed to practice t heir religion as long as they paid a poll tax. Some Hindu even converted to Islam.Schism, a religion which blended both Hindu and Muslim belief came Into form. 5. The rejection of toleration of Hindu beliefs will probably bring more struggle and battles between the Hindu and Muslim. The Hindus and Muslims are back to being enemies and both empires will probably be effected poorly and will have an economic decline. World History 10-4 Homework By manservant 2. Muslim rule affected Indian government and society when Sultans introduced this soldiers.

Task Environment Essay Example

Task Environment Essay Example Task Environment Paper Task Environment Paper There is an opportunity for a separate menu that should be developed; the plates should be identified on the main menu. It is very difficult for those with celiac disease to eat out when there are not many options for gluten free restaurants; this gives an opportunity to The Cheesecake Factory to increase their consumer market. 2. Shift away from fine dining (T) The shift in the market away from fine dining experienced in 2012 will continue in the upcoming years as consumers remain cost conscious. There is still no clear indication as to where the economy in general is heading. Until a change comes consumers will be focused on Perceived Value. This shift has eloped the Quick Serve Market which has led to an opportunity for them to introduce a higher end product to their menus. Taco Bell and McDonalds, for instance, have reaped the benefit of this market shift; consumers see a greater value for their money. The Cheesecake Factory can continue with a more creative, reasonable priced or multiple portion sizes menu and more attention to the hospitality of their aspects. The company is shifting away from fine dining by placing the restaurants near malls making it more casual to eat there; this can be seen as a threat, as The Cheesecake Factory has been en as a place to dine on special events, this is slowly deteriorating. 3. The economy will be in focus (T) The last three quarters of 2012 have been rough for a number of restaurants. The only bright spot has been Quick Serves. 2013 will provide much of the same, especially during the first six months of the year. We still see the industry segment growing, but only 1. 3% over inflation. Energy prices and food inflation will be the wild card on how the industry performs. If we see a spike in energy costs due to continued turmoil in the Middle East, fewer accretions spending dollars will be available for eating out. The effects of the 201 2 drought will continue to be seen during the first half of 2013. This will drive the cost of protein and other staples to new heights. This is a threat to The Cheesecake Factory since their biggest problem is comparable store sales- the company reported a come increase of 2. 7% and although this figure is above many of its competitors, the 2. 7% is composed of a 1. % increase in traffic and 1% in checks; but the company had increased menu prices b 1. 9% during the final quarter of 2012 which indicates that the average check declined . 9%. This is due to the inflation; management stated a continued increase in prices to keep up with inflation. 4. Effort in taking care of the kids (O) For the last six years, we have stressed the impor tance of taking care of the kids and improving the menu options for this important age group. The Gene Y group is starting to mature and have children. They will not stop eating out because of this. It will be even more important to cater to this group. American Demographics Magazine states that married couples with children Penn an average of 44% more at restaurants than those without children. Happy kids mean happy parents. This is an opportunity for The Cheesecake Factory to provide a fun and unique selection of foods for the kids. The company is targeting a female audience that shops at the mall, these consumers will bring along their kids who will want something healthy yet fun for the children. 5. Commodity Prices will result in food inflation (T) The severe drought of 2012 will continue to affect almost all food costs, especially beef, well into 2013. Customers will want to see lower to flat prices u to the stagnant economy. Vendors will pass higher costs along. Restaurants will be stuck in middle. True food inflation will be over higher in January 2013 than it was at the beginning of 2012. Price increases are inevitable. Communication with The Cheesecake Factors guests will be key. This will require a hard look at their menu and design it to draw the customers to higher gross profit items. Menus will need to be updated and revised more frequently than in years past to take advantage of guest expectations. 6. The See of Social Marketing will continue to grow beyond Backbone and Twitter (O) Social media is quickly becoming the communication of choice for many of the guests. In 2012, forty-nine percent (49%) of guests under the age of 44 have used Twitter or something similar. The number of unique visitors to Twitter has increased 1,382% year after year. During the same period, Backbone usage increased 228%. These will only continue to grow and expand to alternative social sites. There is an opportunity to reduce the amount of resources the company is spending on conventional print and TV advertising, and get closer to guests by using these giggly effective social marketing tools. Although The Cheesecake Factory has a Backbone and Twitter, they are yet to create an app- this app can be used for consumers to check in while they are shopping at the mall (where the company is placing its restaurants); not only will this capture all types of demographic and marketing information but will improve customer satisfaction. The consumer will be able to check in prior to going into a Cheesecake Factory location and reserve a seat and even order their food so there is no waiting in long lines; becoming more effective. An Evolving Palate (O) According to the research firm Dichotomies, consumers are increasingly driven to try new flavors. This will expand into the fast casual segment with an emphasis on Asian flavors. The Cheesecake Factory needs to take advantage of this trend- keeping items on the menu that are specialties while enhancing the brand. There is an opportunity to offer unique tastes through seasonal menus or daily/weekly specials. A great place to start will be desserts which The Cheesecake Factory is very well known for. Marketing for these items would be often through social media sites. Encouraging The Cheesecake Factorys guest to not only try the item, but follow the company and look for the new adventurous flavors. 8. Bargaining Power of Suppliers low High levels of competition among suppliers acts to reduce prices to producers, similar critical production, large number of substitute inputs, low cost inputs and switching suppliers. (O) 9. Bargaining Power of Consumers Iow- Large number of consumers, diverse buyer choice, and product is important for consumer they end up paying more for the product. O) 10. Intensity of Existing Rivalry high- Large industry size (T) 11. Threat of Substitutes high- High level of substitutes, low level of food innovation, substitute is inferior in quality. (T) 12. Threat of New Competitors low- Economies of scale is low, new entrants have higher cost of production. (O) V. Analysis of Strategic Factors 1 . Strengths a. Strong name and popularity b. Extensive menu and bakery product offering Its menu offers around 200 items, including appetizer, pizza, pasta, seafood, steaks, salads, sandwiches, and more. The chain is best known for its 40 rarities of cheesecake and other desserts, which account for an impressive 15% of sales. Management has proved quite adept at anticipating consumers dining and taste preferences. The company updates its menu every six months, replacing 5-15 items. C. Strong Management 2. Weaknesses a. Increasing prices b. Unhealthy choices in their menu 3. Opportunities a. Ability to expand internationally b. Trend to social media marketing c. Location near or in malls Management reckons that it has not fully penetrated its existing markets.

Bringing Tobacco Into Canada

Bringing Tobacco Into Canada If youre a Canadian traveling abroad and discover a new kind of pipe tobacco you know your grandfather would like, can you bring it home with you and get it through customs?   There are some specific rules about how much and who can bring tobacco into Canada. Its wise to be familiar with these rules before you get to the customs line; otherwise, your wish of bringing tobacco products home with you could go up in smoke. Returning Canadians, visitors to Canada, and people moving to settle in Canada are allowed to bring a limited amount of tobacco into Canada with certain restrictions. You must be over the age of 18 for any of these rules to apply, however, and you can only bring tobacco products for your own personal use. A special duty applies to cigarettes, tobacco sticks or loose tobacco unless they are marked with an excise tax stamp reading DUTY PAID CANADA DROIT ACQUITTÉ (droite  acquittà © is French for duty paid).  Canadian-made products sold at duty-free shops are marked this way. Here are the specific limits and kinds of tobacco products that a Canadian can bring through customs under his or her personal exemption (the personal exemption allows Canadians to bring goods of a certain value into the country duty- and tax-free). 200 cigarettes50 cigars200 grams (7 ounces) of manufactured tobacco200 tobacco sticks These limits apply to tobacco products as long as they accompany the person bringing them into Canada (in other words, you cant ship or import the tobacco separately like you can with some other goods). If you bring in more than allowed under your personal exemption, youll pay any applicable duty on the excess amount. How to Report Tobacco Products at Customs The amount you claim for your personal exemption must be reported in  Canadian dollars. If you arent sure of their value, you can use a foreign currency exchange converter, and enter the amount you paid for the items (keep those receipts) and the currency used.   And an important note for Canadian citizens and temporary residents: the length of time youve been out of the country determines what youre allowed to claim as your personal exemption. If its been less than 48 hours, your tobacco products will be subject to the usual duties and taxes. Try to have any tobacco products readily available when you arrive at the country border. Digging through your luggage to find those cigars or cigarettes will only make the process take longer. Try not to forget the emergency pack of cigarettes you have stashed in your pocket; you have to declare all tobacco products, even open packages.   Taking Tobacco to Other Countries Canadians traveling to other countries should become familiar with the rules about bringing Canadian tobacco products with them before they depart. The rules can vary considerably from one country to the next (even for Canadas neighbors to the south).

Major Components and Guidelines for Developing a Master Plan of Essay - 1

Major Components and Guidelines for Developing a Master Plan of Evaluation - Essay Example Mr. Smith; The significant groups of individuals involved are the government of the particular country, the chief executive officer of the institution, the head of curriculum development, student leader among others. It depends on the urgency of the situation; for instance, the CEO will be play the focal role in this process ; hence will be required to connect aptly with other parties especially the government. This is to ensure that the process is legal and follows the policies and rules set aside. The data finding will recorded and analyzed later in regards to the place and individual the data was collected from. In this field only variables data are experienced and ought to relate with one another. The most essential requirement prior to the development of any master plan of evaluation is the compliance to the pre-set rules and regulations governing the nursing sector. This is because these standards boost quality in service delivery and discipline. In addition, this compliance creates confidence of the stakeholders in the nursing fraternity because of the quality of service in nursing and the involvement of the international nursing bodies in the assessment of the compliance of the sector to the set standards. Nurses undergo programs tailored at offering proper training to have delivery of quality service. These programs include the master plan of evaluation in the training. The plan acquaints the nurses with the necessary information regarding the nursing career. For instance, it highlights the areas of the faculty that need evaluation. This includes methods to be employed in the evaluation. The type of people to participate in the process is anchored in the plan. The action plans required to give feedback on the various inferences made with regard to boosting the quality in nursing service delivery. In addition, the master plan evaluation helps in the